Income dynamics in dual labor markets (Job market paper)
Presented at: EWMES 2022 (Berlin School of Economics), XV Vilfredo Pareto Workshop (Collegio Carlo Alberto), XX Brucchi Luchino Labour Economics Workshop (University of Naples Federico II), Bocconi University (Macro Brown Bag seminar series 2023/2024 and Fondazione DeBenedetti Workshop)
Abstract: In many labor markets, long-term jobs coexist with short-term, fixed-duration contracts. While some workers hold stable lifetime positions, others face employment instability, transitioning through multiple short-term jobs before eventually securing a stable contract. This paper investigates to which extent employment instability arises from contract types versus workers’ characteristics, and how labor market duality affects individual income volatility. I propose a statistical framework in which observable and latent individual characteristics shape both labor market trajectories and income dynamics. To track income dynamics, the model decomposes the portion of income not influenced by individual characteristics into a persistent Markov component and a transitory innovation, both of which evolve non-linearly over time, systematically varying with labor market status and transitions. To track labor market trajectories, the model estimates a Markovian process, representing how workers transition across different labor statuses throughout their careers. The findings highlight that latent characteristics are key drivers of heterogeneity in employment instability and that labor market status and transitions significantly influence income volatility. The paper further explores the impact of employment instability on wealth accumulation, revealing substantial welfare costs driven by increased precautionary savings among specific groups of workers.